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Lesson 1 - Introductions and gender of nouns

In this lesson you will revise how to

  • introduce yourself in Bulgarian language

  • what was the deep secret about gender in Bulgarian 

  • how to say a bit more about yourselves - sharing likes and dislikes, hobbies and place of living. 

Grammar point - Gender of nouns

In Bulgarian, every noun has a gender: masculine, feminine, or neuter.

  • Masculine nouns usually end in a consonant. Example: стол (chair), учител (teacher – man).

  • Feminine nouns usually end in -a / -я. Example: маса (table), учителка (teacher – woman).

  • Neuter nouns usually end in -o / -e. Example: дете (child), училище (school).

Exercise 1 - what is the gender of the nouns 

Exercise 2 - verbs for introduction

Exercise 3 - text and dictation

Lesson 2 - Food, shopping and plurals...

In this lesson you will revise:

  • some really useful phrases for going shopping

  • ordering at restaurants and coffee shops

  • the plural forms of nouns in Bulgarian

  • some useful context when talking about food and drinks

Grammar point - Plurals

Bulgarian plurals depend on the gender of the noun and its ending. Masculine nouns ending in a consonant usually take -и or -ове, feminine nouns ending in -а/-я usually take -и, and neuter nouns ending in -е usually take -ета and those ending in -o would typically get an -a ending. Some nouns have irregular plurals (like човек → хора, дете → деца).

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The masculine words have a special 'countable' form. This means that anytime you say a number of masculine objects you will put an -a ending instead of the other 2 options. The easiest way to remember is by thinking about един лев, два лева. (this will become outdated in January next year :D)

Exercise 1 - masculine words - и or -ове

Exercise 2 - game for neutral plural

Exercise 3 - cards for female plural

Now let's order some drinks!

The best structures to use in such situations would be:

Искам ...., моля.

Може ли ...., моля.

Then once you feel ready you will ask for the bill:

Може ли сметката?

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Remember that in Bulgaria if you say 'мерси' after the waiter has taken you money, this will mean 'keep the change'. In order to avoid this situation and still be polite, you can always say: Заповядайте!

Lesson 3 - In the city, definite articles and living

In this lesson you will revise:

  • places in the city

  • typical activities and common structures

  • prepositions of place

  • talking about where you live

Now let's revise some vocabulary!

Let's be honest - there is no grammar without vocabulary and if you are wondering where to start with your revision, I would say that reviewing vocabulary and getting comfy with Bulgarian pronunciation and words is probably the best choice. So here are all the words in this lesson, see how many of them you remember!

1. What is a definite article?

A definite article shows that we are talking about a specific noun. In English, it is “the”. In Bulgarian, the definite article is added at the end of the noun.

2. Definite article for masculine nouns

  • Masculine nouns ending in a consonant take -ът or -ът / -ят in the subject form.

  • If the masculine noun is an object it will take -a or -я instead.

  • Example:

    • магазин (shop) → магазинът (the shop)

    • парк (park) → паркът (the park)

    • в парк... →в парка

    • до магазин.... →до магазина

3. Definite article for feminine nouns

  • Feminine nouns ending in -а or -я take -та.

  • Example:

    • улица (street) → улицата (the street)

    • книжарница (bookstore) → книжарницата (the bookstore)

4. Definite article for neuter nouns

  • Neuter nouns ending in -е or -о take -то.

  • Example:

    • кино (cinema) → киното (the cinema)

    • заведение (restaurant / establishment) → заведението (the restaurant)

5. Examples in sentences (places in the city)

  • Отивам в (магазин). → Отивам в магазина. (I am going to the shop.)

  • (Мъж) ходи на фитнес. . → Мъжът ходи на фитнес.

  • Гледам филм в (кино). → Гледам филм в киното. (I watch a movie in the cinema.)

  • Има голям парк в (град). → Паркът е голям. / Има голям парк в града.

  • Чета книга в (книжарница). → Чета книга в книжарницата. (I read a book in the bookstore.)

    (In A2 we dive deeper in the difference between subjects and objects, we also take the definite articles for adjectives and have fun with that)

Exercise 1 - definite articles

Exercise 2 - word order

Exercise 3 - subject or object

Lesson 4 - At home, family and activities

In this lesson you will revise:

  • items at home

  •  

    rooms 

  • family members and connections
  • possessive particles
Vocabulary point

Learning furniture, apliances and items at home can be a neat little trick to learn more verbs in Bulgarian, because some of them would derive from the verb, for example:

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мивка - мия (е) - to wash

пералня - пера (е) - to wash clothes

сушилня - суша (е) - to dry

спалня - спя (и) - to sleep

печка - пека (е) - to bake

Exercise 1 - revise words

Exercise 2 - plurals of furniture

Exercise 3 - verbs and context

Short possessive particles in Bulgarian

In this video you will learn more about how to speak about possession in Bulgarian. The forms used here are:

аз - ми

ти - ти

той - му

тя - ѝ

то - му

ние - ни

вие - ви

те - им

Exercise 1 - can you hear the possessive

Exercise 2 - choose the correct sentence

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